LESSON 5. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Стр. 77, упр. 1 a)
The meaning is that money is not the most important thing in the world.
People should think about other more important things that surround them.
Money can't buy everything.
Стр. 77, упр. 1 b)
The proverb tells about pollution, deforestation, overfishing, radioactive contamination.
Cmp. 77, yпp. 2 a)
Deforestation, pollution are the most crucial issues for Canada and USA because vast territories of forests are cut down and USA being one of the most progressive countries suffers from pollution. Waste is the most crucial issue for China because of large population.
Стр. 78, упр. 2 b) Listening.
Стр. 79, упр. 3 b)
• Oil, consume.
• Renewable.
• Radioactive contamination
• Reused, recycled.
• Landfills.
• Consequences.
• Crucial.
Стр. 79, упр. 4 a)
1. Past condition-present result.
2. Past condition-past result.
3. Present condition-present (or future) result.
4. Present condition- past result.
Стр. 79, упр. 4 b)
1. The third sentence is pure Conditional II and the second sentence is Conditional III. The first and the forth sentences are mixed types. Translation: Если бы мы разработали альтернативные, возобновляемые источники энергии раньше, у нас бы было меньше проблем сейчас. Если бы люди были более внимательными, происшествие бы никогда не случилось.
2. The difference is in the translation, when the used tenses in the translation do not correspond to the original.
Стр. 79, упр. 5 a) Listening.
Стр. 80, yпр. 6 a)
I've been to Sweden and Latvia. I think that all these countries face the problem of environmental pollution. None of the mentioned above countries are considered to be the dirtiest ones. The dirtiest countries in the world are Sierra Leone, Central African Rep., Mauritania, Angola, Togo, Niger, Turkmenistan, Mali, Haiti
Стр. 80, упр. 6 b)
Throughout the Asia-Pacific region, rapid economic and population growth creates serious social consequences from environmental problems
of urban excess, deforestation, overfishing, global warming, air pollution, and limited safe water supplies. The Asian economic crisis has aggravated this trend. Economic policies have encouraged growth in some sectors while ignoring damage to others. Further, little regard is given to sustainability of the exploited resources. The social costs in terms of health, economic efficiency, and cultural dislocation are immediate, while the long-term costs of environmental rehabilitation are humbling. Left unbridled, environmental damage can lead to economic decline.
Water
In Jakarta, it costs $20M to $30M annually to boil water for home use. In Manila Bay, heavily polluted by sewage, fish catches have dropped 40% in the last decade. Fish catches near cities in India and China also have experienced major declines. Of Taiwan's 20 million people, less than 1 million are served by sewers. Each day in Hong Kong, about 1 million tons of sewage and industrial effluent pour untreated into the sea - a volume to fill 500 Olympic swimming pools, according to Hong Kong officials. Projecting to 2025, water shortages will affect India, China, North and South Korea, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines.
Overfishing
Fish are a key source of food for virtually all Asian states, providing one of the largest sources of animal protein to the world's fastest growing commodity market. The world's largest tuna fishery crosses the jurisdiction of at least 21 countries — as well as extensive high-seas areas of the Pacific Ocean — and involves harvesting by fishing vessels from 26 different nations.
Global Warming
Rising ocean temperatures and melting polar caps will elevate sea levels by 15 to 95 cm in the next century. Bangladesh could lose 17% of its land area to rising seas, while several island nations, such as the Maldives and Tuvalu will become uninhabitable or disappear. Parts of Northern Europe and Canada will benefit from better harvests, but crop yields in India could decline by 30% by 2050.
Air Pollution
Air pollution from vehicles, power plants, incinerators and industry is a major problem in Asia. Outdated pollution control technology and the use of high polluting fuels compound this problem.
Health. Nine of the fifteen cities with the highest particulate levels in the world and six out of the fifteen cities worst affected by sulfur dioxide are in East Asia. Air pollution in China caused more that 175,000 premature deaths in 1995 and nearly 2 million cases of chronic bronchitis. Damage to health and buildings cost Bangkok $ IB annually, while air pollution in Delhi decreased crop yields by 30%.
The meaning is that money is not the most important thing in the world.
People should think about other more important things that surround them.
Money can't buy everything.
Стр. 77, упр. 1 b)
The proverb tells about pollution, deforestation, overfishing, radioactive contamination.
Cmp. 77, yпp. 2 a)
Deforestation, pollution are the most crucial issues for Canada and USA because vast territories of forests are cut down and USA being one of the most progressive countries suffers from pollution. Waste is the most crucial issue for China because of large population.
Стр. 78, упр. 2 b) Listening.
Стр. 79, упр. 3 b)
• Oil, consume.
• Renewable.
• Radioactive contamination
• Reused, recycled.
• Landfills.
• Consequences.
• Crucial.
Стр. 79, упр. 4 a)
1. Past condition-present result.
2. Past condition-past result.
3. Present condition-present (or future) result.
4. Present condition- past result.
Стр. 79, упр. 4 b)
1. The third sentence is pure Conditional II and the second sentence is Conditional III. The first and the forth sentences are mixed types. Translation: Если бы мы разработали альтернативные, возобновляемые источники энергии раньше, у нас бы было меньше проблем сейчас. Если бы люди были более внимательными, происшествие бы никогда не случилось.
2. The difference is in the translation, when the used tenses in the translation do not correspond to the original.
Стр. 79, упр. 5 a) Listening.
Стр. 80, yпр. 6 a)
I've been to Sweden and Latvia. I think that all these countries face the problem of environmental pollution. None of the mentioned above countries are considered to be the dirtiest ones. The dirtiest countries in the world are Sierra Leone, Central African Rep., Mauritania, Angola, Togo, Niger, Turkmenistan, Mali, Haiti
Стр. 80, упр. 6 b)
Throughout the Asia-Pacific region, rapid economic and population growth creates serious social consequences from environmental problems
of urban excess, deforestation, overfishing, global warming, air pollution, and limited safe water supplies. The Asian economic crisis has aggravated this trend. Economic policies have encouraged growth in some sectors while ignoring damage to others. Further, little regard is given to sustainability of the exploited resources. The social costs in terms of health, economic efficiency, and cultural dislocation are immediate, while the long-term costs of environmental rehabilitation are humbling. Left unbridled, environmental damage can lead to economic decline.
Water
In Jakarta, it costs $20M to $30M annually to boil water for home use. In Manila Bay, heavily polluted by sewage, fish catches have dropped 40% in the last decade. Fish catches near cities in India and China also have experienced major declines. Of Taiwan's 20 million people, less than 1 million are served by sewers. Each day in Hong Kong, about 1 million tons of sewage and industrial effluent pour untreated into the sea - a volume to fill 500 Olympic swimming pools, according to Hong Kong officials. Projecting to 2025, water shortages will affect India, China, North and South Korea, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines.
Overfishing
Fish are a key source of food for virtually all Asian states, providing one of the largest sources of animal protein to the world's fastest growing commodity market. The world's largest tuna fishery crosses the jurisdiction of at least 21 countries — as well as extensive high-seas areas of the Pacific Ocean — and involves harvesting by fishing vessels from 26 different nations.
Global Warming
Rising ocean temperatures and melting polar caps will elevate sea levels by 15 to 95 cm in the next century. Bangladesh could lose 17% of its land area to rising seas, while several island nations, such as the Maldives and Tuvalu will become uninhabitable or disappear. Parts of Northern Europe and Canada will benefit from better harvests, but crop yields in India could decline by 30% by 2050.
Air Pollution
Air pollution from vehicles, power plants, incinerators and industry is a major problem in Asia. Outdated pollution control technology and the use of high polluting fuels compound this problem.
Health. Nine of the fifteen cities with the highest particulate levels in the world and six out of the fifteen cities worst affected by sulfur dioxide are in East Asia. Air pollution in China caused more that 175,000 premature deaths in 1995 and nearly 2 million cases of chronic bronchitis. Damage to health and buildings cost Bangkok $ IB annually, while air pollution in Delhi decreased crop yields by 30%.